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Nutrition RSS FeedsEggs in a Healthy Diet - Eggs were taken off of many people's diet food lists because they contain a lot of cholesterol. That's unfortunate, because eggs also contain lots of important nutrients. Actually, ...Feed Source: nutrition.about.com Can Pizza Be Healthy? - Pizza is delicious and certainly very popular. Unfortunately pizza is frequently part of a high-fat and high-calorie diet and that leads to obesity, heart disease and diabetes. Most ... Quiz - Which Fast Food Item is Worse? - Fast foods are cheap and ready to eat almost as soon as you finish placing your order. Unfortunately, fast foods are also high in fat, calories, sugar and sodium, ... How Bad Is BPA? - Bisphenol A (BPA) is found in hardened plastics in a wide variety of products, including some food and beverage containers. Some experts have been concerned about the potential danger ... Make Your Own Cookbook - How Cool Is This? - Do you like cookbooks? I do too, but I get tired of paging through all of them to find the recipes that I use the most. I guess ... Obesity - What Was the Tipping Point? - Right now in the US, about one-third of the population is obese. This wasn't the case 30 years ago. Sometime between then and now, we changed the way ... Why Are Fad Diets Bad? -
You know those commercials you see on TV for fat-burning pills or the articles in magazines raving about weight loss diets? Most of these diets are just fad diets that ... Breast-fed Babies and Vitamin D Deficiency - Vitamin D has been a popular topic in nutrition this past year because people who have low levels of vitamin D also tend to have a greater risk of diseases ... What Makes a Healthy Protein So Healthy? - You might have read about good carbs vs. bad carbs and good fats vs. bad fats, but what about protein? Not so many articles talk about good proteins vs .... FDA OKs Irradiation of Spinach and Lettuce - The US government will now allow food producers to use radiation on lettuce and spinach to kill E. coli and other germs that cause food-borne illness in humans. Irradiation ... Body circumferences: clinical implications emerging from a
new geometric model
- Background:
Body volume expands with the positive energy balance associated with the development of adult human obesity and this "growth" is captured by two widely used clinical metrics, waist circumference and body mass index (BMI). Empirical correlations between circumferences, BMI, and related body compartments are frequently reported but fail to provide an important common conceptual foundation that can be related to key clinical observations. A two-phase program was designed to fill this important gap: a geometric model linking body volume with circumferences and BMI was developed and validated in cross-sectional cohorts; and the model was applied to the evaluation of longitudinally monitored subjects during periods of voluntary weight loss. Concepts emerging from the developed model were then used to examine the relations between the evaluated clinical measures and body composition.
Methods:
Two groups of healthy adults (n=494 and 1499) were included in the cross-sectional model ... A high throughput live transparent animal bioassay to identify non-toxic small molecules or genes that regulate vertebrate fat metabolism for obesity drug development - Background:
The alarming rise in the obesity epidemic and growing concern for the pathologic consequences of the metabolic syndrome warrant great need for development of obesity-related pharmacotherapeutics. The search for such therapeutics is severely limited by the slow throughput of animal models of obesity. Amenable to placement into a 96 well plate, zebrafish larvae have emerged as one of the highest throughput vertebrate model organisms for performing small molecule screens. A method for visually identifying non-toxic molecular effectors of fat metabolism using a live transparent vertebrate was developed. Given that increased levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) via deletion of CD38 have been shown to prevent high fat diet induced obesity in mice in a SIRT-1 dependent fashion we explored the possibility of directly applying NAD to zebrafish.
Methods:
Zebrafish larvae were incubated with daily refreshing of nile red containing media starting from a developmental stage... Conjugated linoleic acid modulation of risk factors associated with atherosclerosis - Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been the subject of extensive investigation regarding its possible benefits on a variety of human diseases. In some animal studies, CLA has been shown to have a beneficial effect on sclerotic lesions associated with atherosclerosis, be a possible anti-carcinogen, increase feed efficiency, and act as a lean body mass supplement. However, the results have been inconsistent, and the effects of CLA on atherogenesis appear to be dose-, isomer-, tissue-, and species-specific. Similarly, CLA trials in humans have resulted in conflicting findings. Both the human and animal study results may be attributed to contrasting doses of CLA, isomers, the coexistence of other dietary fatty acids, length of study, and inter-and/or intra-species diversities. Recent research advances have suggested the importance of CLA isomers in modulating gene expression involved in oxidative damage, fatty acid metabolism, immune/inflammatory responses, and ultimately atherosclerosis. ... Skeletal muscle munc18c and syntaxin 4 in human obesity - Background:
Animal and cell culture data suggest a critical role for Munc18c and Syntaxin 4 proteins in insulin mediated glucose transport in skeletal muscle, but no studies have been published in humans.
Methods:
We investigated the effect of a 12 vs. 48 hr fast on insulin action and skeletal muscle Munc18c and Syntaxin 4 protein in lean and obese subjects. Healthy lean (n = 14; age = 28.0 +/- 1.4 yr; BMI = 22.8 +/- 0.42 kg/m2) and obese subjects (n = 11; age = 34.6 +/- 2.3 yr; BMI = 36.1 +/- 1.5 kg/m2) were studied twice following a 12 and 48 hr fast. Skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained before a 3 hr 40 mU/m2/min hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp with [6,6-2H2]glucose infusion.
Results:
Glucose rate of disappearance (Rd) during the clamp was lower in obese vs. lean subjects after the 12 hr fast (obese: 6.25 +/- 0.67 vs. lean: 9.42 +/- 1.1 mg/kgFFM/min, p = 0.007), and decreased significantly in both groups after the 48 hr fast (obese 3.49 +/- 0.31 vs. lean: 3.91 +/- 0.42 mg/kgFFM/... Potential antiproteolytic effects of L-leucine: observations of in vitro and in vivo studies - The purpose of present review is to describe the effect of leucine supplementation on skeletal muscle proteolysis suppression in both in vivo and in vitro studies. Most studies, using in vitro methodology, incubated skeletal muscles with leucine with different doses and the results suggests that there is a dose-dependent effect. The same responses can be observed in in vivo studies. Importantly, the leucine effects on skeletal muscle protein synthesis are not always connected to the inhibition of skeletal muscle proteolysis. As a matter of fact, high doses of leucine incubation can promote suppression of muscle proteolysis without additional effects on protein synthesis, and low leucine doses improve skeletal muscle protein ynthesis but have no effect on skeletal muscle proteolysis. These research findings may have an important clinical relevancy, because muscle loss in atrophic states would be reversed by specific leucine supplementation doses. Additionally, it has been clearly demons... Unsaturated long-chain fatty acids induce the respiratory burst of human neutrophils and monocytes in whole blood - Background:
It is increasingly recognized that infectious complications in patients treated with total parenteral nutrition (TPN) may be caused by altered immune responses. Neutrophils and monocytes are the first line of defence against bacterial and fungal infection through superoxide anion production during the respiratory burst. To characterize the impact of three different types of lipid solutions that are applied as part of TPN formulations, we investigated the unstimulated respiratory burst activation of neutrophils and monocytes in whole blood.
Methods:
Whole blood samples were incubated with LCT (Intralipid®), LCT/MCT (Lipofundin®) and LCT-MUFA (ClinOleic®) in three concentrations (0.06, 0.3 and 0.6 mg ml-1) for time periods up to one hour. Hydrogen peroxide production during the respiratory burst of neutrophils and monocytes was measured by flow cytometry.
Results:
LCT and LCT-MUFA induced a hydrogen peroxide production in neutrophils and monocytes without presence of a physio... Silymarin protects liver against toxic effects of anti-tuberculosis drugs in experimental animals - Background:
The first line anti-tuberculosis drugs isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RIF) and pyrazinamide (PZA) continues to be the effective drugs in the treatment of tuberculosis, however, the use of these drugs is associated with toxic reactions in tissues, particularly in the liver, leading to hepatitis. Silymarin, a standard plant extract with strong antioxidant activity obtained from S. marianum, is known to be an effective agent for liver protection and liver regeneration. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective actions of silymarin against hepatotoxicity caused by different combinations of anti-tuberculosis drugs.
Methods:
Male Wistar albino rats weighing 250?300 g were used to form 6 study groups, each group consisting of 10 rats. Animals were treated with intra-peritoneal injection of isoniazid (50 mg/kg) and rifampicin (100 mg/kg); and intra-gastric administration of pyrazinamid (350 mg/kg) and silymarin (200 mg/kg). Hepatotoxicity was induced by a combination of... Curcumin and resveratrol inhibit nuclear factor-kappaB-mediated cytokine expression in adipocytes - Background:
Adipocytes express inflammatory mediators that contribute to the low-level, chronic inflammation found in obese subjects and have been linked to the onset of cardiovascular disorders and insulin resistance associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A reduction in inflammatory gene expression in adipocytes would be expected to reverse this low-level, inflammatory state and improve cardiovascular function and insulin sensitivity. The natural products, curcumin and resveratrol, are established anti-inflammatory compounds that mediate their effects by inhibiting activation of NF-?B signaling. In the present study, we examined if these natural products can inhibit NF-?B activation in adipocytes and in doing so reduce cytokine expression.
Methods:
Cytokine (TNF-?, IL-1?, IL-6) and COX-2 gene expression in 3T3-L1-derived adipocytes was measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) with or without TNF?-stimulation. Cytokine protein and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) expression were meas... Physico-chemical modifications of conjugated linoleic acid for ruminal protection and oxidative stability - Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a mixture of positional and geometric isomers of octadecadienoic acid [linoleic acid (LA), 18:2n-6]. Although ruminant milk and meat products represent the largest natural source of CLA and therefore, their concentration in ruminant lipids are of interest to human health, chemical or physical modifications of CLA should be needed as a means to enhance oxidative stability, to improve post-ruminal bioavailability, and to increase the clinical application. In fact, CLA are rapidly decomposed to form furan fatty acids when its are oxidized in air, and the effectiveness of dietary supplements of CLA may be related to the extent that their metabolisms by rumen bacteria are avoided. For these reasons, many scientists have examined the effect of manufacturing and protection on the stability of CLA in ruminants and food products. In this review, physico-chemical modifications of CLA for ruminal protection such as calcium salt (Ca), formaldehyde protection (FP),... S100B concentration in colostrums of Burkinabe and Sicilian women - The aim of this study is to determine the S100B concentration in colostrums of 51 Burkinabe and 30 Sicilian women, still living in their countries, and in case of a difference to search for its explanations, considering also ethnic differences.The concentration of S100B, in colostrums of the first three days from the delivery, was assessed with commercial immunoluminometric assay.The production of colostrums was significantly higher in Burkinabe women, where the colostrums S100B levels in the first day of lactation showed to be at 24 h higher than those of Sicilian mothers (672.21 ± 256.67 ng/ml vs 309.36 ± 65.28 ng/ml) and progressively decreased reaching the values of Sicilian mothers in the second and third day (204.31 ± 63.25 ng/ml and 199.42 ± 45.28 ng/ml, respectively). Correlation was found between the level of S100B and the length of stage II (duration of expulsive phase of delivery), but the correlation with pain was found only in Burkinabe women.The S100B level in colostrums ... Copyright © 2008, Chicago Best Price. All Rights Reserved. |