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Reproductive Health RSS FeedsICPD to MDGs: Missing links and common grounds - The ICPD agenda of reproductive health was declared as the most comprehensive one, which had actually broadened the spectrum of reproductive health and drove the states to embark upon initiatives to improve reproductive health status of their populations. However, like all other countries, Pakistan also seems to have shifted focus of its policies and programs towards achieving MDGs. As a result, concepts highlighted in the ICPD got dropped eventually. In spite of specific goals on maternal and child mortalities in MDGs and all the investment and policy shift, Pakistan has still one of the highest maternal mortality ratios among developing countries. Lack of synchronized efforts, sector wide approaches, inter-sectoral collaboration, and moreover, the unmet need for family planning, unsafe abortions, low literacy rate and dearth of women empowerment are the main reasons. Being a signatory of both of the international agendas (ICPD and MDGs), Pakistan needed to articulate its policies to ...Feed Source: www.reproductive-health-journal.com Gynaecological morbidity among HIV positive pregnant women in Cameroon - ObjectiveTo compare the prevalence of gynaecological conditions among HIV infected and non-infected pregnant women.
Methods:
Two thousand and eight (2008) pregnant women were screened for HIV, lower genital tract infections and lower genital tract neoplasia at booking antenatal visit.
Results:
About 10% (198/2008) were HIV positive. All lower genital tract infections except candidiasis were more prevalent among HIV positive compared to HIV negative women: vaginal candidiasis (36.9% vs 35.4%; p = 0.678), Trichomoniasis (21.2% vs 10.6%; p < 0.001), gonorrhoea (10.1% vs 2.5%; p < 0.001), bacterial vaginosis (21.2% vs 15.2%; p = 0.026), syphilis (35.9% vs 10.6%; p < 0.001), and Chlamydia trachomatis (38.4% vs 7.1%; p < 0.001). Similarly, HIV positive women more likely to have preinvasive cervical lesions: low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) (18.2% vs 4.4%; p < 0.001) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (12.1% vs 1.5%; p < 0.001).
Conclusion:
We conclude that (i) sexu... Comparison of two doses and two routes of administration of misoprostol after pre-treatment with mifepristone for early pregnancy termination - Background:
It is not known whether a 400 ?g dose of misoprostol has a similar efficacy as an 800 ?g dose when administered sublingually or vaginally 24 hours after 200 mg mifepristone.
Methods:
It is proposed to undertake a placebo-controlled, randomized, non-inferiority trial (3% margin of equivalence) of the two misoprostol doses when administered sublingually or vaginally using factorial design. A total of 3008 pregnant women (< 63 days of gestational age) who request legal termination of pregnancy will be recruited for the trial at 16 clinics in ten countries providing abortion services. Eligible women willing to join the study will be allocated randomly to one of the four treatment groups within each centre. Women in all treatment groups will first receive 200 mg mifepristone, followed 24 hours later by either 400 ?g or 800 ?g misoprostol, administered either sublingually or vaginally. The dose and route of administration of misoprostol will be blinded to women, each woman receiv... Reproductive health issues in rural Western Kenya - Background:
We describe reproductive health issues among pregnant women in a rural area of Kenya with a high coverage of insecticide treated nets (ITNs) and high prevalence of HIV (15%).
Methods:
We conducted a community-based cross-sectional survey among rural pregnant women in western Kenya. A medical, obstetric and reproductive history was obtained. Blood was obtained for a malaria smear and haemoglobin level, and stool was examined for geohelminths. Height and weight were measured.
Results:
Of 673 participants, 87% were multigravidae and 50% were in their third trimester; 41% had started antenatal clinic visits at the time of interview and 69% reported ITN-use. Malaria parasitemia and anaemia (haemoglobin < 11 g/dl) were detected among 36% and 53% of the women, respectively. Geohelminth infections were detected among 76% of the 390 women who gave a stool sample. Twenty percent of women were underweight, and sixteen percent reported symptoms of herpes zoster or oral thrush in the la... A three-arm randomised controlled trial comparing Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) agonist long regimen versus GnRH agonist short regimen versus GnRH antagonist regimen in women with a history of poor ovarian response undergoing in vitro fertilisation (IVF) treatment: Poor responders intervention trial (PRINT) - Background:
Poor response to ovarian stimulation with exogenous gonadotrophins occurs in 9?24% of women undergoing in vitro fertilisation (IVF) treatment, which represents an estimated 4000?10,000 women per year in the UK. Poor responders often have their treatment cycle cancelled because of expected poor outcome.One treatment strategy that may influence outcome is the choice of pituitary suppression regimen prior to the initiation of ovarian stimulation. The three commonly used pituitary suppression regimens in IVF treatment are:(1) the GnRH agonist long regimen,(2) the GnRH agonist short regimen and(3) the GnRH antagonist regimen.A systematic review of randomised controlled trials of these pituitary suppression regimens has shown the evidence to be either inconclusive or inconsistent. We therefore designed a three arm randomised trial to evaluate the effectiveness of these regimens in women who had poor ovarian response in a previous IVF treatment cycle.Methods/designConsenting, elig... A three-year longitudinal evaluation of the forearm bone density of users of etonogestrel- and levonorgestrel-releasing contraceptive implants - Background:
The aim of this study was to evaluate bone mineral density (BMD) at baseline and at 18 and 36 months of use of etonogestrel (ENG)-and levonorgestrel (LNG)-releasing contraceptive implants. This is a continuation of a previous study in which BMD was evaluated at baseline and at 18 months of use.
Methods:
A total of 111 women, 19?43 years of age, wererandomly allocated to use one of the two implants. At 36 months of follow-up, only 36 and 39 women were still using the ENG- and LNG-releasing implants, respectively. BMD was evaluated at the distal and at the ultra-distal radius of the non-dominant forearm using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.
Results:
There was no difference in the BMD of users of either implant at 18 and at 36 months. BMD was significantly lower at 18 and at 36 months at the distal radius in both groups of users compared to pre-insertion values; however, no difference was found at the ultra-distal radius.
Conclusion:
Women 19?43 years of age using either one... The outcomes of midline versus medio-lateral episiotomy - Background:
Episiotomy is the surgical enlargement of the vaginal orifice by an incision of the perineum during the second stage of labor or just before delivery of the baby. During the 1970s, it was common to perform an episiotomy for almost all women having their first delivery, ostensibly for prevention of severe perineum tears and easier subsequent repair. However, there are no data available to indicate if an episiotomy should be midline or medio-lateral. We compared midline versus medio-lateral episiotomy for complication such as extended perineal tears, pain scores, wound infection rates and other complications.
Methods:
We conducted a prospective cohort including 1,302 women, who gave birth vaginally between April 2005 and February 2006 at Srinagarind Hospital ? a tertiary care center in Northeast Thailand. All women included had low risk pregnancies and delivered at term. The outcome measures included deep perineal tears (including perineal tears with anal sphincter and/or rec... Middle Eastern mothers in Sweden, their experiences of the maternal health service and their partner's involvement - Background:
Traditional patterns relating to how to handle pregnancy and birth are often challenged due to migration. The purpose of this study was to describe Middle Eastern mothers' experiences of the maternal health care services in Sweden and the involvement of their male partner.
Methods:
Thirteen immigrant mothers from the Middle East who had used the maternal health services in Sweden were interviewed using focus group discussions and individual interviews. These were taped, transcribed and analysed according to Content analysis.
Results:
The four main categories that developed were:? Access to the professional midwife? Useful counselling? Stable motherhood in transition? Being a family living in a different culture
Conclusion:
According to the respondents in this study, understanding the woman's native language or her culture was not vital to develop a good relationship with the midwife. Instead the immigrant woman developed trust in the midwife based on the knowledge and the e... Antenatal screening and the gendering of genetic responsibility - Background:
The objective of this study is to explore men's and women's perceptions of antenatal blood screening. The study will assess the impact of these perceptions on decision-making regarding diagnostic testing and selective abortion, and on parental feelings of genetic responsibility. By exploring gender and antenatal screening in this way, the research aims to contribute to our understanding of lay perceptions of genetic screening and increase our knowledge of the decision-making process in screening.Research designThis qualitative study will be based on semi-structured interviews with twenty pregnant women and twenty male partners in the post-industrial city of Sheffield, UK. All interviews will be taped, transcribed and analysed thematically using NVIVO, a qualitative software package.DiscussionThe findings of this study have relevance to existing debates on the social and ethical implications of reproductive genetics. A better understanding of male and female perceptions of t... Delays in seeking an abortion until the second trimester: a qualitative study in South Africa - Background:
Despite changes to the South African abortion legislation in 1996, barriers to women accessing abortions still exist. Second trimester abortions, an inherently more risky procedure, continue to be 20% of all abortions. Understanding the reasons why women delay seeking an abortion until the second trimester is important for informing interventions to reduce the proportion of second trimester abortions in South Africa.
Methods:
Qualitative research methods were used to collect data. Twenty-seven in-depth interviews were conducted in 2006 with women seeking a second trimester abortion at one public sector tertiary hospital and two NGO health care facilities in the greater Cape Town area, South Africa. Data were analysed using a grounded theory approach.
Results:
Almost all women described multiple and interrelated factors that influenced the timing of seeking an abortion. Reasons why women delayed seeking an abortion were complex and were linked to changes in personal circumst... Some Misconceptions Surrounding Aromatherapy -
Free PDF Health Ebook of the DayNatural Help for Kidney Stones Simply Right Click and choose Save As to save to your desktop! More FREE Natural Health, Wellness and Pet Ebooks at Remedies4.com!It is okay to be a ?newbie? in the world of aromatherapy. There are many people who have never tried it before [ ]... Halloween Party Punch - Free PDF Health Ebook of the DayNatural Help for Kidney Stones Simply Right Click and choose Save As to save to your desktop! More FREE Natural Health, Wellness and Pet Ebooks at Remedies4.com!What’s a Halloween party without a big bowl of punch with floating eyeballs in it?
Ingredients:
1 (32 fluid ounce) bottle apple juice, chilled
[ ]... Halloween Costume: Princess - Free PDF Health Ebook of the DayNatural Help for Kidney Stones Simply Right Click and choose Save As to save to your desktop! More FREE Natural Health, Wellness and Pet Ebooks at Remedies4.com!If you have a young daughter, odds are she will want to dress up as a princess for Halloween. While it may [ ]... Natural Migraine Prevention - Free PDF Health Ebook of the DayNatural Help for Kidney Stones Simply Right Click and choose Save As to save to your desktop! More FREE Natural Health, Wellness and Pet Ebooks at Remedies4.com!Preventing migraine, especially migraine headaches, is a quest that has millions of participants. It is surprising that the full extent of the [ ]... Perk Up your Brain with a Little Aromatherapy - Free PDF Health Ebook of the DayNatural Help for Kidney Stones Simply Right Click and choose Save As to save to your desktop! More FREE Natural Health, Wellness and Pet Ebooks at Remedies4.com!If you need feel like you are drooping and need to perk up your brain, then forget the coffee and soda, try [ ]... How Much Do You Know About Pilates? - Free PDF Health Ebook of the DayNatural Help for Kidney Stones Simply Right Click and choose Save As to save to your desktop! More FREE Natural Health, Wellness and Pet Ebooks at Remedies4.com!If you want a conditioned body, or want to increase your strength, endurance or coordination than consider Pilates. Athletes and gymnasts use [ ]... Giant Warts Halloween Treat Recipe - Free PDF Health Ebook of the DayNatural Help for Kidney Stones Simply Right Click and choose Save As to save to your desktop! More FREE Natural Health, Wellness and Pet Ebooks at Remedies4.com!Ingredients:
1/4 cup butter, cubed
8 oz. Semi-sweet chocolate
1/2 cup heavy cream
2 bags fun size candy bars, chopped into small pieces
Instructions:
Melt butter. Remove from [ ]... What is Triggering Your Migraines? - Free PDF Health Ebook of the DayNatural Help for Kidney Stones Simply Right Click and choose Save As to save to your desktop! More FREE Natural Health, Wellness and Pet Ebooks at Remedies4.com!Researchers, doctors and patients have been able to identify many triggers for migraines. Knowing what triggers your migraines can be beneficial to [ ]... Essential Oils for your State of Mind - Free PDF Health Ebook of the DayNatural Help for Kidney Stones Simply Right Click and choose Save As to save to your desktop! More FREE Natural Health, Wellness and Pet Ebooks at Remedies4.com!There are so many uses for essential oils in your everyday life. If you have never considered using these oils, then what [ ]... Reflexology and How It Helps PMS - Free PDF Health Ebook of the DayNatural Help for Kidney Stones Simply Right Click and choose Save As to save to your desktop! More FREE Natural Health, Wellness and Pet Ebooks at Remedies4.com!Is PMS keeping you up at night? Does it interfere in daily activities and is just an all around pain in the [ ]... Ginger Ghouls Recipe - Free PDF Health Ebook of the DayNatural Help for Kidney Stones Simply Right Click and choose Save As to save to your desktop! More FREE Natural Health, Wellness and Pet Ebooks at Remedies4.com!Who said gingerbread cookies were only for Christmas?
Ingredients:
3 1/2 cups all-purpose flour
1 1/2 teaspoons ground ginger
1 1/2 teaspoons ground cinnamon
1/4 teaspoon salt
1/2 [ ]... Halloween Costume: Butterfly - Free PDF Health Ebook of the DayNatural Help for Kidney Stones Simply Right Click and choose Save As to save to your desktop! More FREE Natural Health, Wellness and Pet Ebooks at Remedies4.com!Butterflies are lovely to look at, but it is even more beautiful when your child decides to become one for Halloween. Here [ ]... Underlying Causes of Bad Breath - Free PDF Health Ebook of the DayNatural Help for Kidney Stones Simply Right Click and choose Save As to save to your desktop! More FREE Natural Health, Wellness and Pet Ebooks at Remedies4.com!You brush your teeth several times each day. You use the toothbrush and the toothpaste your dentist recommends. You make sure you [ ]... The Healing Power of Tea Tree Oil - Free PDF Health Ebook of the DayNatural Help for Kidney Stones Simply Right Click and choose Save As to save to your desktop! More FREE Natural Health, Wellness and Pet Ebooks at Remedies4.com!Tea tree oil is a wonderful and very helpful and effective product. No other essential oil on the market can quite live [ ]... Copyright © 2008, Chicago Best Price. All Rights Reserved. |